Essay on Juvenile Delinquency - 1652 Words

Juvenile Delinquency Everyday we read in the newspaper or watch T.V and hear news of crimes committed by Juveniles. With all of the crime being reported by the media about juveniles, one can’t help but wonder if all of our nation’s youth are juvenile delinquents. Although there are many cases where the juvenile did not commit a serious crime, there are others where the crime is so bad the juvenile court system tries the juvenile as an adult. Instead of seeking help for the individual, our justice system places them in adult facilities to â€Å"teach them a lesson.† The justice system fails to see what the cause of this outbreak is in a child whether it was abuse, neglect, or where they grew up. The juvenile justice system needs to see that by†¦show more content†¦Usually, the maximum age is eighteen for juvenile court, but some states have lowered the age limit. There are many different causes to the development of juvenile delinquents; there are also ma ny different theories such as the Rational Choice Theory and the Social Disorganization Theory. Randall Shelden, author of Delinquency and Juvenile Justice in American Society, states that the rational choice theory is when â€Å" choices are often not based on pure reason and rationality; rather, they are determined by a host of factors† (Shelden 187). For example, many young children are motivated to join gangs through the rational choice theory. â€Å"Clearly, many acts of delinquency are planned and carried out with specific consequences in mind. However, when we are dealing with youngsters, it is important to remember that often, youth do things with little fore thought of their consequences† (Shelden 67). In other words, the juvenile weighs the pros and the cons and makes a rational decision based on the outcome of the costs. According to Robert Shelden,† Social disorganization theory has been one of the most popular and enduring sociological theories of crime and delinquency† (Shelden 7). Many factors of society play into the role of the social disorganization theory leading to the cause of juvenile delinquency. Factors such as the community, age, race, sex, school and poverty play into the role of social disorganization theory. Donald Shoemaker, author of Theories ofShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency1154 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion In common parlance, there is an understanding of juvenile delinquency as meaning adolescents breaking the law or participating in mischievous behavior. Defining juveniles as being under the age of 18 years is the general rule of thumb because, in the current legal system, upon reaching this age individuals can be tried as adults, serve in the military, and, in some states, consume alcohol. (Reckless, 1972) One may ask why juvenile delinquency is viewed as a separate construct from adult deviantRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2109 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency 1 Juvenile Delinquency: Features, Causes and Solutions Shen Cheng Class: 110 Teacher: Stephanie February 29, 2012 Juvenile Delinquency 2 Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Nowadays, there is no denying that Juvenile Delinquency has become one of the hottest social issues. The features, causes, and solutions of Juvenile Delinquency will be discussed about in this research. II. The features of Juvenile Delinquency A. The average age of juveniles who commitRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2343 Words   |  10 PagesOpener: B. Thesis statement: This term paper explores how family issues attribute to juvenile delinquency and how to overcome it. II. First and foremost, an unstable family structure is one of the contributing factors to juvenile delinquency. A. Single-parent household vs. two-parent household B. Child maltreatment 1. emotional neglect 2. physical abuse III. Secondly, studies have shown that juvenile delinquency is conclusively related to the family environment. A. Family cohesion B. Increasing numberRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Adult Delinquency2861 Words   |  12 PagesAlexis Kelly SOC 333 William Franks Spring 2015 Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs What is juvenile delinquency? Juvenile delinquency relates to minors who commit law violations. Instead of adults commiting â€Å"crimes’, juveniles are considered to commit â€Å"delinquent acts†. Society sees juvenile delinquents as immature and in need of guidance, which is different to adults, who are seen to be responsible for their crimes. Juvenile delinquency can occur in any community, neighborhood, and schoolsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2264 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Delinquency is the participation of illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit. A delinquent is a minor who commits a crime or a status offense. A status offense is conduct that is illegal only because the child is under age i.e. smoking cigarettes (Senna 10, 20). The cases of Eric Smith, Lionel Tate, and an unidentified NJ child are similar only because, they are guilty of killing another child, but the Criminal Justice System treated and punished them very different lyRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 PagesDay in and day out residents and visitors to the Boston area are affected by juvenile crime and delinquency. Though the crime rates in MA and across the nation are on a steady decline, these juvenile crimes are still considered a serious matter that needs attention. It is thought that juvenile offenders do not cope as well with the criminal justice system as well as adults may be able to and therefore there needs to be a focus on how the system can better aid in the rehabilitation of these youthfulRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of criminal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreThe And Prevention Of Juvenile Delinquency970 Words   |  4 PagesJuveniles in the justice system is an issue relevant not only to people in the criminal justice system but to society in general. There have been a number of studies done that link serious behavior problems in children to adult criminal conduct. In more recent years, there has been more research done regarding the causes and prevention of juvenile delinquency. The Department of Juvenile Justice lists 3 broad categories with many subcategories to help us understand what contributes to juvenile delinquencyRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violence

My Phobia- Personal Narrative Essay - 503 Words

My Phobia- Personal Narrative She was repulsive. Her bosoms were like cannon balls suspended by elastic from her chest. The woman’s hair was dripping with grease, like the frying pans at MacDonald’s. It looked like the straw used to stuff scarecrows. Just the thought of that makes me curl up and shiver. I never confessed this phobia to anyone before, I thought that they would just make fun of me, but they don’t know what I’ve seen, heard nor felt. I discovered this fear quite some time ago, when I and my parents first moved to the countryside. We used to have one to keep all the crows away. But one day a very strange thing happened; it disappeared, and when it returned a day later it seemed†¦show more content†¦To eat her supper she would submerge her entire head in a bowl and would only come up for air once it was all slurped up. When tomato soup was her supper she reminded me of a flesh eating vampire since her face was covered in that blood red tomato soup. Her enormous appetite explains why the ground shakes every-time she walks, and why Birmingham and Leister were put on earthquake alerts. The earthquakes that she created measured five point two on the Richter scale, considering ‘one’ is just a ball bouncing and ‘ten’ is total destruction, a picture begins to form in your mind. I thought to myself once, how can there be an earthquake in Britain, in the fifteen hundreds that measures a seven point two on the Richter scale? Then it came to me, time-travel. It is the only explanation for that earthquake, our maid; the repulsive blood sucking monster went back in time and brought havoc upon New England then blotted out the sun and caused the Dark Age. I know, I know. It’s a bit far fetched, but it’s the most likely and most reasonable explanation there is. Unless†¦ no, that’s still more or less the same thing. By now I would think that you are wondering who this eating machine from hell is; it’s a person who you have never ever heard of in yourShow MoreRelatedMy Fear- Personal Narrative Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesMy Fear- Personal Narrative Every child, teenager and adult has experienced anxiety, fear or worry at some time in their lives. Everyone has their own phobias. Some are just temporary whereas others just linger, haunting them forever. Life allows us each of us to experience challenges in our own way. But when these challenges become almost impossible to complete, they become long term problems. When faced with fear, one looks for the easiest route out, but in my caseRead MoreEssay on Personal Narrative: Why Trust is Important to Me982 Words   |  4 Pages Personal Narrative: Why Trust is Important to Me Trust can take on many meanings in today’s society. It can exist in all aspects of our lives, and can have a dramatic impact on one’s personality. Trust, as a noun, is an assured reliance on the character, strength, or truth of someone or something; or a property interest held by one person for the benefit of another. Trust, as a verb, is to permit to stay or go or to do something without fear or misgiving. Trust is very important toRead MoreMy Advancement of Learning - Personal Narrative Essay523 Words   |  3 PagesMy Advancement of Learning - Personal Narrative It was unusually hot that day and the beach was busier than normal, me and my friend josh, both decided we wanted to go for a swim in the sea, but this wasn’t normal for me, I had never been in the sea before, I had always had a fear of jellyfish, I have had this fear for the whole of my life. Apparently so I’m told by my mum I got this phobia of jellyfishes from a little play toy in my bubble bath, apparently I cut myselfRead MoreComplaint Speech1384 Words   |  6 Pagesformat as described in lecture and text. Sample outline included below. Why we are doing this: This is a bridge from narrative to informative speaking where we use the entire speech preparation process but without the need for external research. In narrative speeches we simply relate a personal incident in the natural order of events as they occurred. We now move to another form of personal expression (complaining!) that is just as natural as storytelling, but requires a bit more analysis and preparationRead MorePublished In Examinerlike Gestalt Therapy Which Was Introduced1618 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in examiner Like Gestalt therapy which was introduced in my previous article, brief psychology therapists are also concerned with the here and now. Their focus is on what a client can do to change what is happening now as quickly as possible. This type of therapy is known as third wave or third generation. The first type of therapy was psychoanalysis, which premised that all people were sick, or unhealthy and had to be cured. The second wave of psychology introduced th e behavioristsRead MoreThe Case of Stan - Essay2341 Words   |  10 Pagesto take advantage of free counseling services, which are provided, to him, as a service from his college. In his initial interview, Stan begins by expressing dissatisfaction in multiple areas of his life and details his personal problems throughout a brief but very detailed narrative of his past and present life. Stan feels discouraged by the multitude of problems detailed below which included a failed marriage, which didn’t last long, ending in divorce. He mentions that they rarely had sex and statesRead MoreAnalysis Of Aaron Beck s Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pageshelp to understand how to help the client change around their negative cognitions as well as behaviors and attempt to change over their cognitions to positive ones. The three main terms for CBT are constructive narrative, Information Processing, and Conditioning. Constructive narrative states that people create their own reality. Information processing is an â€Å"activating event taps into a person’s core cognitions, leading to an unhelpful, inaccurate, and distorted thought (Seligman et all, 2014,Read MoreIntroducing The Sessions That Helped Me Improve1479 Words   |  6 Pagesclarify my comprehension of the craft of acting. I’m also gonna Include my understanding of what an actor needs from a script; how an actor uses backstory to inform the present and the techniques around the revelation of backstory and motivation,. What is my interaction with actors in preparing a script, and in on-set procedure? how i go about analysing an actor’s performance and how do I get the best out of it in terms of technique and impact both on set and in the edit; a reflection of my personalRead MoreCurrent Diagnostic Criteria For Sarabeth s Disorders1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthe disturbance is not better explained aby another mental disorder. SaraBeth’s narrative does not currently suggest that her symptoms are related to another mental disorder, there is simply not enough information at the time being. Criteria D requests that the disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium. SaraBeth currently does not exhibit any symptoms of delirium according to the narrative. Criteria E requires that the disturbance cause clinically significant distressRead MoreThe Emotional Effects Of Of Ptsd1531 Words   |  7 Pages(1920), proved that due to the trauma that was inflicted upon the subject, a fear of any white, furry animals that he came into contact with was initiated. Cleverly, Watson and Rayner had shown that conventional conditioning could be used to create a phobia, as proved from this experiment. This contributed to the development of the principle of classical conditioning and formed the basis of behavioural therapy. Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949), established the theoretical basis for the concepts of positive

Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation

Questions: 1: Explanation of the main financial statement of a business? 2: Comparison of the financial statement of Sole trader and Public limited company? 3: Interpretation of financial statements using ratios? Answers: Introduction The paper provides an overview of the main financial systems that are produced by the business. A comparison of the financial statement of a sole trader and a public limited company has been provided. A comparison of the financial statements using financial ratios has been conducted (Fridson and Alvarez, 2002). 1: Explanation of the main financial statement of a business The major financial statements that are produced by a business are discussed below. 1. Balance sheet The financial position is interpreted by the Balance sheet. It has the following components. Assets: The assets are entities that are owned by the business. It includes plant and machinery, land and building, inventory. Liabilities: The liabilities are the entities that a business owes to someone. It includes bank, loan, and creditors. Equity: It represents what the business owes to the owners. The difference between assets and liabilities are represented by equity. 2. Income statement The financial performance of the organization is represented by the Income statement. It comprises of the following components. Income: The earnings of the business over the period of time are represented by the income statement. It includes dividend income, sales revenue. Expenses: The costs that are incurred by the business over the period of time is represented by the expenses. It includes wages, salaries and depreciation. 3. Cash Flow statement The movement of cash and the bank balances over the period of time is represented by the cash flow statement. It comprises of the following segments which are investing activities, financing activities and operating activities. 4. Statement of the changes in Equity The movement of the owners equity over a period of time is represented by the statement (Houmes and Chira, 2015). 2: Comparison of the financial statement of Sole trader and Public limited company The business of a sole trader is fairly small and it is easy to understand the financial statements of a sole trader. The public limited company is a legal entity that is separate from owners. The owners of the organization are referred to as the share holders. The balance sheet of a sole trader has a capital account while the balance sheet of a public limited company has a capital and reserves section. The sole traders start their business with the personal capital. The sole trader with draws the money from the business for personal reasons. This is deducted from the capital account and it is shown in the drawings section of the balance sheet. The balance sheet of a public limited has various sources of capital. The shareholders funds are shown in the liability side which is not shown in the balance sheet of the sole trader. The shareholders of a public limited company are paid dividend. This is shown in the section of current liabilities while there is no such amount shown in the balance sheet of limited company. The financial statement of a sole trader does not follow any Companys Act while the financial statement of public limited company is based on the Companys Act (Nissim and Penman, n.d.). 3: Interpretation of financial statements using ratios Gross profit margin Manufacturing Wholesale Gross profit margin 25% 47% Gross Profit 10,400.00 12,430.00 Sales 40,870.00 26,540.00 The gross profit margin for the manufacturing company is 25% while it is 47% for the wholesale business. The gross profit margin indicates the ability of the company to draw profit from the total sales. The gross profit margin for manufacturing firm is lower than that of the whole sale business. Net profit margin Manufacturing Wholesale Net profit margin 14% 11% Net Profit 5,850.00 2,950.00 Sales 40,870.00 26,540.00 The net profit margin indicates the ability of the company to earn profit from the sales after deduction of the expenses. The net profit margin for the manufacturing company is 14% while the net profit margin for whole sale company is 11%. The net profit margin of the whole sale company is lower than the manufacturing company as the expenses of the whole sale company is higher than the manufacturing company. Current ratio Manufacturing Wholesale Current Ratio 1.287179487 1.71864407 Current Assets 2510 5070 Current Liabilities 1950 2950 The current ratio represents the ability of the company to repay its short term obligations. The current ratio for manufacturing firm is 1.28:1 and the current ratio for Whole sale is 1.71:1. The ideal current ratio is estimated to be 2:1. It is seen that both the companies are able to meet their short term obligations. Quick ratio Manufacturing Wholesale Quick Ratio 0.046153846 0.91525424 Current assets 2510 5070 Inventory 2420 2370 Current liabilities 1950 2950 The quick ratio represents the ability of company to repay its short term obligations without using the inventory. The repayment of the liabilities is done by liquid cash. It is seen that the quick ratio for the manufacturing and the whole sale business are quite low. However the quick ratio for the manufacturing firm is much lower than the whole sale business. Gearing ratio Manufacturing Wholesale Gearing ratio 40% 37% Long term Liabilities 2000 3170 Capital employed 5000 8670 Gearing ratio 40% 37% The gearing ratio for manufacturing sector is 40% while that of whole sale is 37% (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). Conclusion The paper has highlighted the major financial statement. They are the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and changes inequity. A comparison of the financial performance of the two companies by ratio analysis has been done. References Fridson, M. and Alvarez, F. (2002).Financial statement analysis. New York: John Wiley Sons. Houmes, R. and Chira, I. (2015). The effect of ownership structure on the price earnings ratio returns anomaly.International Review of Financial Analysis, 37, pp.140-147. Nissim, D. and Penman, S. (n.d.). Ratio Analysis and Equity Valuation.SSRN Journal. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2012).Analysis of financial statements. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Jan Smuts free essay sample

Jan was quiet and delicate, as a child he was strongly inclined toward solitary pursuits. At age 16 in 1 886, he moved on to Victoria College, Statelessness. Smuts learned high Dutch, German, ancient Greek, and continued to take an interest in literature. At the university he met his future wife Isis Krieger the daughter of a leading local farmer. In October 18 86, he decided to travel to Cambridge University. After his return to South Africa in 1895 he was known as an advocate in Cape Town. He began to practice law and then diverted his time t o journalism and politics.When Cecil Rhodes launched the Jameson raid in the summer of 1 895 Smuts was in full rage. Smuts felt betrayed and resigned from De Beers. He then became the SST ate attorney. On October 1 1, 1899 the British invaded the Boer, beginning the second Boer war During this time, Smuts handled propaganda, logistics, communications with general and diplomats, and anything else that was required. We will write a custom essay sample on Jan Smuts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He served under Kooks De La Ray who commanded 500 commandos in the western Transvaal. Smuts excelled at hit and run warfare and the unit evaded and harassed British Army. To end the conflict Smuts targeted a copper mining town of Keep with full ammunition.Although the attack failed he had proven his point that he would stop at nothing to defeat his enemies. On May 31, 1902 the peace treat y was signed. Years later Smuts was announced as colonial secretary and opposed a movement f or equal rights for south Asian workers led by Gandhi. The union of South Africa was born and the e Afrikaners had the political power. Smuts was the second most powerful man in the country and he was soon criticized for his power, and was overthrown by the Old Boers. During World War 1 Jan Smuts armed the union defense force and was promoted to temporary lieutenant g mineral on Feb. 18, 1916.In 1 917, Jan Smuts went to London and joined the Imperial War Cabinet and t he war policy committee. He played an important role in the drafting of the League O f Nations. Following the death of Both, Smuts became Prime Minister of South Africa a ND he attended the peace conference in Paris. His proposal of holism was defined as the tendency y in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution. In 1933, Jan became Prime Minister and Minister of Justice under Heritor which led to the orientation of the United Party in 1934.

Orthopraxy In Islam Essays - Islam, Hajj, Monotheistic Religions

Orthopraxy In Islam Orthopraxy in Islam RLST 2600 Orthopraxy in Islam Islamic life is centered on the physical practice of prayer (salat). With that the religion of Islam itself is based in the methodical movement through which Muslims show their devotion to Allah. The prayer begins with the devotee standing, bending slowly into a sitting position and ending in full prostration. Bowing fully onto the ground is a practice that shows humility and represents the true devotion of members. Practice-centered religion differentiates itself from orthodox religion in that it focuses primarily on ritual practice, rather than theology or doctrine, orthodox meaning correct opinion. The most visible orthodox religion of America is Christianity. Christianity centers life around the opinions of the church with less emphasis on purity and behavior. Islamic life is distinctly based on what can be defined as orthopraxy or the importance of religious practice. The orthopraxy of Islam can be seen in at least three of the Five Pillars of Islam , salat, Ramadan and the hajj, which are also representative of Muslim faith and duties. Salat, as mentioned earlier, is the performance of prayer five times a day. The prayer, which includes full prostration, is performed facing Mecca. In the The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, (the earliest source of Islamic writing as dictated to Mohammed), it is written, Whencesoever thou comest forth (for prayer, O Mohammed) turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship. Lo! it is the Truth from thy Lord. Allah is not unaware of what ye do (Surah 2:149). Implicit directions for prayer also display the amount of emphasis on practice. Salat must be performed five times daily, at specific times of the day: early morning, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and evening. Each Friday a congregational service is held at the mosque and every male is required to attend. Before prayer, four ritual aspects are required: ritual purification, proper covering of the body, proper intention, and facing Mecca, o r qibla (1). The emphasis on purity is directly associated with prayer, as one must not be impure in any way when one prays. The ritual impurity associated with everyday living is known as najasa or hadath. Najasa is external impurity including but not limited to, urine, blood, pus, feces of animals and humans. Hadath is impurity of the soul from performing certain activities. Hadath is caused by activities ranging from sleeping to seminal emission. The degree of hadath varies depending on the activity. Daily impurities result in a need for cleansing or ablutions. Ablution can be performed outside of mosques, usually the mosque will maintain a small fountain in which people can wash their hands to their elbows, feet to their ankles as well as heads and faces (1). The use of ablution as a form of purification as well as the consistent call to purify oneself follows the orthopraxy within Islam. The Koran states, The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for mank ind, and clear proofs of the guidancewhosoever of you is present, let him fast the month (2:185). The fasting during the month of Ramadan is an expression of joy; the fasting person recalls their dependence on Allah for sustenance and life. The fast lasts for thirty days, each day from sunrise to sunset. Again, the emphasis is placed on the practice of refraining from food, which challenges the body (1). The lives of Muslims change for a month as they devote themselves to concentration on the past year, and the graciousness of God. Increasing the amount of time spent focusing on religion allows members of the religion to renew their faith and their relationships with others. The journey to Mecca known as the hajj encompasses the practicing element of Islam. The holy pilgrimage to Mecca is required for all Muslims only if they have the means to afford such a trip and the physical ability to do so. Borrowing money is not proper for the trip; in fact one must have all debts settled bef ore they leave on hajj. Travel to the center of religious worship represents the distance one is willing to travel as well as the costs one is willing to endure in order to display their

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT Science Section Skills and Topics

What's Actually Tested on the ACT Science Section Skills and Topics SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you studying for the ACT? Not sure what to expect from the science section? You might be surprised to know that the science section one of the most commonly misunderstood parts of the ACT. So what exactly is tested on the ACT science section? And how much science do you need to know to do well? We'll break down this section for you with example questions so you know exactly what to expect. ACT Science Section Format The ACT science section is 35 minutes long and contains 40 questions. That means that you have about 53 seconds to spend on each question. The science section’s format is more like the reading section than the math section – which is surprising for some students! Each question on the math section has its own task or problem. But for both the ACT Reading and ACT Science, you have to read a passage and then answer a series of questions about it. There are seven passages on the science section. Each passage could contain graphs, charts, experiment summaries, or conflicting viewpoints from scientists. Every passage is followed by four to seven questions about it. So to do well on this section, you need to be able to quickly but accurately read and understand scientific data. What Does AP Science Test You On? Although the ACT Science section includes a wide range of science content, it tests your scientific skills more than your knowledge. As the ACT puts it, â€Å"the Science Test †¦ measures the interpretation, analysis, evaluation, reasoning, and problem-solving skills required in the natural sciences.† In other words, the science section tests skills, not specific facts or topics. So how exactly do you learn these science skills? From taking science classes in high school. The ACT website recommends you take at least three years of science in high school, and have taken at least one biology course and one physical or earth science course by the time you take the test. Aside from being more fun than the average class, doing science experiments helps you prepare for the ACT! By taking science courses, you’ll learn about the scientific method, how to collect and analyze data, and how to evaluate a theory or hypothesis. These skills will help you succeed on ACT Science. By taking biology and earth science, you'll get enough background on science terminology to be able to process ACT Science topics. Content you're tested on could include biology, chemistry, physics, and earth/space sciences (including geology, astronomy, and meteorology). As an example, the Preparing for the ACT official practice test science section includes passages about finch beak depth, the process of ions being precipitated from the earth’s atmosphere, cloud cover, acid-base titration, stellar evolution (how stars evolve), and the human threshold of hearing. However, the ACT does not expect students to be experts on such a wide variety of science topics. Using these kinds of topics as starting points, the science section will ask questions about data representation, the research process, and conflicting hypotheses. So if your scientific reasoning skills are strong, you will be able to answer any ACT Science question – even if it’s about an obscure topic like finch beak depth! That said, science background from biology, earth sciences, and chemistry will be helpful, because you won’t be intimidated by scientific terminology on the test. As an example, it will be easier to break down a passage about finch beak depth if you are familiar with the concept of natural selection. But remember you don’t actually need an advanced knowledge of particular science concepts to do well on this section – you just need to be able to read and interpret graphs and studies. Now let’s explore the exact question types you will see on ACT science. ACT Science Question Types There are three different question types you will see on ACT science. The majority of questions focus on having you break down data and experiments, though you will also have to compare conflicting viewpoints between scientists. Check out the three different question types below to learn more. #1: Data Representation (30-40% of Questions) These questions have you read graphs, interpret scatterplots, and explain information presented in tables. While some knowledge of the subject being tested is helpful, what is more important is your ability to read and understand data. As an example, check out this question from an ACT practice test: Source: ACT Assessment Practice Multiple Choice Test, 2004. The topic of this passage is metamorphic rock formation. However, you don't need to be an expert on that, or even know much about metamorphic rocks at all, to break down the chart. The question asks you which conditions a Facies G rock is most likely to form under. Looking at the area of the chart representing Facies G rocks, you can see they form with pressure between roughly 10 and 14 kb, and temperatures between 200 and 1,000 degrees Celsius. Looking at the answer choices, only one (choice J) lists a pressure reading that a Facies G rock could form under. Therefore J is the correct answer. In other words, the question is testing your ability to read and interpret the graph. The question is not testing your knowledge of metamorphic rocks. #2: Research Summaries (45-55% of Questions) These questions require you to interpret the design and results of experiments. Again, specific content knowledge isn't as important as knowledge of the scientific method and data collection. Check out this example question to see what we mean. The topic of this passage is elaiosomes, nutritious structures in seeds that attract ants. However, you don't need to know much about ants, seeds, or elaiosomes to break down this study and know which variable was controlled. A controlled variable is a variable that remains constant. So all you're looking for is the variable in the experiment that was kept the same. Reading the study description, we see that "Two seed dishes were placed in each site." This makes G the correct answer. (The other answer choices, number of ants, mass of elaiosome of each seed, and type of seed taken by the ants, were not described as constant in the study summary.) So to get this question right, you have to know what a controlled variable is and how it relates to scientific study structure. You do not have to be an expert on ants or seed germination. This is why taking science classes and becoming knowledgeable in the scientific method is so important to doing well on ACT science. #3: Conflicting Viewpoints (15-20% of Questions) The final question type on the ACT science section tests your ability to understand, analyze, and compare alternate viewpoints or hypotheses. These questions will center around a single situation or problem, and you will read two different viewpoints and compare the similarities and differences. Check out the example below. The question is asking you to figure out the main point of disagreement between the two scientists. In this case, the disagreement becomes clear in the first sentence of each opinion. Scientist 1 says "the object was a comet," while Scientist 2 says "the object was a stony asteroid." This makes answer choice J ("the type of object that entered Earth's atmosphere") the correct choice. The scientists do not disagree on the other three answer choices. The location of the event (choice F) and speed of the object (choice G) are given in the initial description, and the scientists don't disagree on the density of Earth's atmosphere (choice H). Once again, your familiarity with the content, in this case comets and asteroids, is not important. What is important is your ability to read two different points of view and quickly hone in on similarities and differences. Even if you knew nothing about comets or asteroids, it would be possible to get this question right by using critical reading skills. Here's a summary chart of the types of questions you'll see on ACT Science: Type of Question Skills Needed Number of Questions (Percent of Questions) Data Representation Read and understand data About 15 questions (35%) Research Summaries Interpret the design and results of experiments About 18 questions (50%) Conflicting Viewpoints Compare, contrast, and analyze opposing viewpoints About 7 questions (15%) Bottom Line If you can read and interpret graphs, charts, and tables, analyze differing opinions, and understand the scientific method and study design, you will do well on ACT Science. This section tests your scientific skills, not your knowledge of scientific facts. As you practice for this section, focus on how well you are able to quickly read and understand data and experiments. Also make sure you are able to compare different viewpoints and find similarities and differences. Doing specific ACT preparation and using practice questions will help you see if your scientific reasoning skills are strong enough to do well on this section. What’s Next? If you haven't already, check out ourUltimate Study Guide For ACT Science.It contains dozens of ACT Science guides going into every question type tested, strategies to tackle the questions, and how you should be organizing your prep to raise your score. Now that you know what the ACT science section tests, try out a full practice science section with free, official ACT practice tests online. The ACT’s science section is just one factor that sets the ACT apart from the SAT. What are the other differences between the ACT and SAT? Find out with our comparison here, and learn for sure which test you’ll do better on. Do you have advanced science skills you want to show to colleges? Learn about AP Tests and SAT Subject Tests, which both have specific science options like Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Panic Disorder - Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Panic Disorder - Psychology - Essay Example Taking into consideration the fact that functions such as consciousness, circulation, and respiration are vital for survival, it is unsurprising that particular defenseless people will be hypersensitive to any signs that they will lose consciousness, that they will lose their breath, or that their hearts will stop beating (Root, 2000). Moreover, a number of patients are predominantly terrified of symptoms that signify that they could be losing control over vicious urges directed toward others or themselves (Stein & Hollander, 2002). Likewise, a number of patients are particularly responsive to indications of behavioral or psychological ‘dyscontrol’ due to the probable effects of being hospitalized for ‘wild’ or ‘mad’ behavior, or perhaps shamed for uninhibited behavior (Stein & Hollander, 2002). The patient’s anxiety that a critical organ, such as the brain, lungs, or heart, or behavioral mechanism is about to stop working is a fundamenta l element of the cognitive mechanism of panic disorder (Taylor, 2004). Due to these concerns, patients vulnerable to panic attacks have a tendency to focus their attention on any mental or bodily encounters that are not explainable as normal. A second attribute of panic disorder that challenges clinician and offers a profitable opportunity for the psychologist is the fixation of attention on the idea of an imminent tragedy. The tragedy that they fear subsequent to the start of the attack is not just the development of the panic disorder, but the likelihood of the much serious different explanation of their symptoms; specifically, that at this point it may not be the ordinary panic, but a swiftly grave process or a severe disruption of behavioral or mental functioning (Hurley, 2007). Besides the fixation on inner consciousness, the idea of approaching disaster absorbs the core of the patient’s thoughts and is usually so realistic that the