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Marxist Theory on Crime and Punishment Essays - 742 Words

K1 Danielle K Marxist Theory and Crime and Punishment Throughout human history countless philosophers have risen with what they thought to be the best form of government for society as a whole. Karl Marx may be the most influential philosopher in Russian history. According to The Free Dictionary, Marxism is the concept that â€Å"class struggle plays a central role in understanding societys allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society†. With this theory, Marx had a great impact on Russian literatureÍ ¾ specifically, Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment. According the the Marxist theory, one would interpret Crime and Punishment as a perfect example to†¦show more content†¦As stated that the definition of Marxism, it says that one goes from a capitalist government, to a socialist government, and ultimately a classless society with communism. Here, this novel stands to be a perfect example of a rise to communism, and the rise of a proletariat. With this, a Marxist theory would begin to see Raskolnikov as a version of the proletariat, or common man, in charge of a violent overthrow. It is believed by Marxist theorists that the proletariat goes through various stages of development. In the beginning they struggle against the bourgeois, then this metamorphosizes itself into suffering, and the finally through the growth of the masses, victory arises for the common man. The goal of the Marxist man is to violently overthrow capitalism. Even though Raskolnikov does not conduct a violent overthrow of the government, he comes together in the same way, by violently killing what he sees as a leach on society. Raskolnikov battles his emotions and morality because of the murder of the pawnbroker and therefore suffers because of it. Though Porfiry and Sonia partake in him finding his salvation, it is ultimately Raskolnikov himself that realizes that by accepting his sins he overco mes his emotions and finds redemption. When â€Å"suddenly it was as if something lifted him and flung him down at her feet. He wept and embraced her knees†,Show MoreRelatedTheories Of Marxist Theory And Conflict Theory1066 Words   |  5 PagesMany theories have interrelated theories and derive from one another. Marxist theory has connection with labeling theory and conflict theory. Marxist theory and conflict theory explains law and criminal justice but does not oversee multi-groups conflict of society (Akers 2017). Marxist theory is a sociological model which is based on conflict of classes (Akers 2017). Marx viewed the industrial society or capitalist society from a macro point of view. Marxism is also a conflict theory, believing thatRead MoreOutline and Assess Marxist Explanations of Crime1208 Words   |  5 PagesOutline and assess Marxist explanations of crime Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches and explanations of crime are arguably some of the most controversial, for the reason that they state that it is the ruling class that is responsible for criminalising the working classes, which goes directly against what official statistics and Functionalists believe. However, Marxism and Functionalism do share a similarity in that both believe structures and institutions of society play a very important roleRead MoreOutline and Evaluate Marxist Theories on Crime1431 Words   |  6 PagesOutline and assess Marxist explanations of crime and deviance.    In looking at the Marxist explanation of crime and deviance one must also look to the non-sociologist explanations and those of other different groups in order to come to an informed view of the subject.    The non-sociologist definition of crime and deviance would be that deviance is uncommon behaviour, something that offends the morals or the majority of society, without being harmful or serious enough to be criminal. WhereasRead MoreCriminal And Deviant Behaviour Within Society867 Words   |  4 PagesMarxist claim that the bourgeoisie choose what they consider is criminal and deviant behaviour within society. They say the proletariat are the main culprits of the criminal behaviour, and they and those who are in a lower class are forced into committing crimes to survive as there is no other option for them. The main reason for the high crime rate is due to how the system works. White collar crimes seem to usually be ignored while lesser crimes such as burglary, vandalism and every day street crimeRead MoreCritical Theories Of Criminology903 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral theories developing critical theories of criminology, the first discussed in this paper will be conflict theory ( Bohm Vogel, 2011). The conflict theory is the inequality of competing groups, moreover, the different social statuses of individuals. This theory compares the differences in white collar crime to the crime of the blue collar class. White collar crime is mostly money-related crimes, including embezzlement, committed by the economically elite, conversely, blue collar crime is consideredRead MoreW.E.B Dubois’ Theory on the â€Å"Double Consciousness† Conflict/Radical Marxist Theory as It Applies to the Novel – a Lesson Before Dying1462 Words   |  6 PagesLIT 327 W.E.B DuBois’ Theory on the â€Å"Double Consciousness† Conflict/Radical Marxist Theory as it applies to the Novel – A Lesson Before Dying DuBois’ theory on the â€Å"Double Consciousness† states, â€Å"After the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world,--a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of theRead MoreCrime Is A Social Construction Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesCrime is often described as socially constructed, which influences our understanding of who commits a crime. Firstly, labelling theorists argue that crime is a social construction based on the powerful’s reaction to certain behaviour, those who are deviant are people that have been labelled as such. Marxists claim the bourgeoise construct crime in order to criminalise the proletariat, get away with their own deviance and maintain their own dominance. Neo-marxists look at how moral panics create aRead MoreCrime And Deviance Essay1649 Wo rds   |  7 PagesCrime can be defined as ‘An action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law’ (Oxford Dictionary, 2017). It’s the violation of a written law that is set by society and is known as ‘committing a crime’. Deviance is defined as ‘the fact or state of diverging from usual accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behaviour’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2017). To be deviant would be to perform an act that strays from the normal behaviours, or â€Å"norms† of any given society. ThereRead MoreSociology- Marxism1579 Words   |  7 Pagesagreement. In order to reinforce socialization there are mechanisms in place that are based on rewards and punishments. On a basic level rewards are praise, encouragement and acceptance while punishments are ridicule, rejection and gossip. On a slightly deeper level, for those who are religious, there is the promise of heaven as a reward and on the opposing side there are threats of punishment in the afterlife. However there has been a huge decline in the influence of religion in modern industrialRead MoreMarxism Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesMarxism Marxist criticism is inherently existentialist. One cannot know anything without having been exposed to it as some sort of life experience. There is no knowledge a priori, as some of the ancient philosophers would have us believe. Rather, knowledge is accumulated a posteriori, through actual experience. Therefore, there is almost nothing that is inherent and absolute in our knowledge. It can never be purely objective, as knowledge is absorbed through the grid of our own perceptions

The Process of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Communication Paper Introduction Communication is important to virtually all spheres of human influence. Through communication, man is empowered to understand his immediate environment. If there was no communication, it would be impossible for man to gain knowledge that would inform his comprehension of his immediate environment. Communication comprises two major types; the verbal and non-verbal forms (Cole and Smith, 2008). For the purpose of our discussion, this paper will seek to present a discourse that encompasses the process of verbal and nonverbal communication, and the components that constitutes each. The appreciation of these forms of communication and their components is instrumental in the fashioning of an effective communicator in the field of criminal justice. The message is the most significant component of any form of communication. Normally communication is a continuous process that involves an interchange of messages from the sender to the recipient. Efficient communication is said to have occurred when the message passes from the sender to the receiver and that the message retains its originality and is not distorted. The sender always expects the receiver to respond to his message via the same channel of communication (Cole and Smith, 2008). The role of an effective communication system in criminal justice is indispensable as this allows the investigators in obtaining the best information during interviews with victims and perpetrators of crimes.Show MoreRelatedNonverbal Communication And The Classroom902 Words   |  4 PagesTOPIC 1: Nonverbal communication in the classroom Communication is the ongoing exchange of messages that enables us to share our knowledge, attitudes, opinions and skills with one another (Miller, 1988). This process is composed of two dimensions – verbal and nonverbal . While is it undeniable that both the verbal and the nonverbal dimension are inseparable, research emphasises the dominance of the nonverbal message (cf., Argyle, 1975; Hall, 1966; Harrison Crouch, 1975; Knapp, 1978, cited in SmithRead MoreThe Effects Of Modern Mass Culture On Modern Society1304 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising is one of the most common types of social communication and an integral element of modern mass culture. It was the product of the development of market-oriented economic culture production methods, gradually, as the development of information technology in the process of historical evolution, becoming one of the most important social institutions of modern society. The study of nonverbal communication was engaged by scholars such as A. Pease, E. Hall, R. Berdvistell, G. Wilson, M. L.Read MoreNonverbal Communication : The Method Of Encoding And Decoding1108 Words   |  5 PagesNonverbal communication consists of the method of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of producing the communication using gestures, facial expressions, and posture. Decoding is the process of receiving the information and how the individual processes that information based on their previous experiences. Culture plays a significant role that helps the way learning activities are organized. Nonverbal communication consists of visual cues such as kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage, and hapticsRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication1689 Words   |  7 Pagesit can even determine the success of trade cooperation. Verbal communication is an essential and considerable part of the business negotiation; it is believe as the most crucial and direct means of communication. However, non-verbal communication, such as paralanguage, proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, oculesics, colorics and olfactics, can transfer information and emotion far more efficiency and actually. The study of nonverbal communication is very important, especially in cross-cultural backgroundRead MoreDo Actions Speak Louder than Words? Preschool Children’s Use of the Verbal-Nonverbal Consistency Principle during Inconsistent Communications1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthan words† principle also known as the â€Å"verbal nonverbal consistency† principle to process informati on where verbal cues contradict nonverbal ques. Three through five year olds were shown a video where an actor drank a beverage and made a verbal statement (ex. I like it) that was inconsistent with her emotional expression (ex. frowning). The children were then asked whether or not the actor liked or disliked the beverage. If children used the verbal nonverbal consistency principle, they should respondRead MoreEffective Communication Is Vital for Sucees in Professional, Corporate, and Academic Environments579 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication skills are vital to success in professional, corporate, and academic environments. We are evaluated daily on our ability to communicate efficiently in interactions that take place at work, as well as in our personal lives. According to Faye and Jerry Wisner, communication is the process by which we verbally or nonverbally convey a message to another person or a group of people in a way that can be received and understood. The two t ypes of communication found to be most effectiveRead MoreDemonstrative Communication Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesDemonstrative Communication XXXXXX XXXXXXX BCOM/275 January 16, 2013 Provide examples showing how demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective, positive and negative, for the sender and receiver. Demonstrative Communication is the process of people’s thoughts and messages of communicating by actively listening in verbal and nonverbal communication. Depending on how a message is communicated, â€Å"can be effective and ineffective, either positive or negative† (Juancho24,Read MoreOverview of Demonstrative Communication990 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Demonstrative communication in basic terms includes both unwritten and nonverbal communication. This text concerns itself with demonstrative communication. In so doing, it will highlight such things as body language, voice tone, facial expressions, etc. Further, the paper will in addition to discussing the effectiveness of demonstrative communication also address how the same involves listening and responding. Communication: A Brief Overview Communication does not have an assignedRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1265 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, will discuss the processes of verbal and  nonverbal communication, including associated components of each, the differences between listening and hearing regarding communications. Also covered will be the formal and informal channels of communication that may be used within criminal justice organizations and implemented strategies used to overcome communication barriers therein. Verbal and nonverbal communication are the two main divisions of communication, and each specific realm deals withRead MoreNon Verbal Communication in Shopping Malls875 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction:- Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless (mostly visual) cues between people. Messages can be communicated through gestures and touch, body language or posture, physical distance, facial expression and eye contact, which are all types of nonverbal communication. Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm

Culture of the youth free essay sample

What is implied under civilization? Culture is known to hold many significances. One of them refers to the religious and material accomplishments of humanity. On the whole it is possible to separate three sorts of civilization. They are elect civilization, folk civilization and popular civilization. These civilizations are closely connected with one another and one civilization is portion of the others. Elect civilization is a extremely developed sphere, it is comprised of picture, sculpture, architecture, literature, music. Folk civilization is the civilization of mundane life and everyday dealingss of societal life. Folk civilization consists of traditional cognition and pattern. It is like a wont of people, therefore this civilization does non alter really rapidly Popular civilization is aggregate civilization. It is a professionally organized sphere that works for a big mass of people. Popular civilization gives people, particularly immature, criterions to be what they like. What can you state about the civilization of the young person? Today the life of many immature people in Russia every bit good as in other states of the universe is influenced by popular civilization. The young person follow certain stereotypes that are imposed on them through Television, films, and music. In their life styles they try to copy the images of their graven images. Other immature people are athleticss and music fans. They frequent bowls and immense concert halls. They follow their graven images in their Tourss throughout the state and back up them. Unfortunately they are intolerant to those who do non portion their position. It is a specific facet of the young person sub-culture that can non be ignored. Do many immature people follow this form? No, they do nt. Many immature people have other involvements. For some of them acquiring cognition is of primary importance. They are fond of reading serious books, listening to serious music. They go to the conservatory and theaters. They are engaged in Hi-Tech through the Internet. What do you and your friends prefer? We prefer music. It plays a really of import portion in the life of immature work forces. Tastes differ, and the music scene is altering. Young people like different sorts of music. Some like disco music they can dance to. Some like loud, heavy stone music. Some like the popular reggae sound. Some like South American beat. Many of them are fond of wind. Madonna and Bruce Sprigsteen from the USA and George Michael from Britain besides have immense Numberss of fans. As for me, my friends and I enjoy Gaelic common people music. My favorite groups that perform Gaelic music are Chieftains and River dance . Is Gaelic common people music popular in Russia? Yes, it is. It is really popular. For illustration, St. Patrick s Day, the major Irish vacation, is celebrated throughout Moscow. You can hear Gaelic music everyplace on this twenty-four hours. It should be said that festivals of Irish music are on a regular basis held in Russia, hosting groups executing Gaelic music from Ireland, Great Britain, the USA and Russia. Bash you mean that there are groups in Russia that play Gaelic music? Yes, there are. In such groups as Slua Si , Pucken Piper , and Reelroads Russian immature work forces execute Irish and Scottish music. What can you state about Russian stone music? I am non a fan of Russian stone. But there are a batch of stone instrumentalists in our state. Such groups as Alisa , DDT and Mumiy Troll are really popular among Russian immature people. It is interesting to observe that many immature people still listen to the music of the groups that do non be any more. I mean Kino and Nautilus Pompilius . What books do Russian immature people read? Many immature people are fond of narratives and novels written by Victor Pelevin and Boris Akunin. Their plants are illustrations of such literary tendencies as station modernism and station Constructivism. Besides, many immature people like to read scientific discipline fiction literature. The novels by the Strougutskys s are best read even today. Among the immature scientific discipline fiction writers the novels by Serge Lukjanenko are really popular. A batch of immature people are fond of are science fiction and phantasy. Why are scientific discipline fiction and phantasy so popular in Russia? These literary tendencies are poplar non merely in Russia but all over the universe. The best read foreign fantasy author is J.R.R. Tolkien. His books truly ushered in a new epoch in literature. J.R.R. Tolkien won celebrity due to his original heroic poem trilogy The Lord of the Rings . This outstanding work by the mid-1960s became a sociocultural phenomenon. While working on his trilogy J.R.R. Tolkien created The Hobbit which was an debut to it. Both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are set in a fabulous yesteryear. The Lord of the Rings chronicles the battle between assorted good and evil lands for ownership of a charming ring that can switch the balance of power in the universe. The trilogy is singular for its phantasy types elves, midgets, hobbits and its sustained inventive storytelling. It is regarded as a rare, successful modern version of the heroic heroic poem. Bash you cognize anything about urban sub-cultures of the young person? It is by and large held that sub-culture is the civilization of those who are dissatisfied with their topographic point in society. On the whole Teds, Mods, Rockers, Bikers, Skinheads and Punks are the sub-cultures of the politically or economically weak sections of the society. What do recent sub-cultures protest against? Arsenic is known, recent sub-cultures reflect a refusal to victimize signifier in post-1945 society. For illustration, the sub-culture of Rastafairians was based on nostalgia for a lost universe. They idealized Africa. Who were Rastafairians? Rastafairians were Afro-Caribbean immigrants in Britain. They dreamed of aureate age in Africa before the slave bargainers came. They viewed Britain as portion of the Biblical Babylon , the land of bondage, and Africa particularly Ethiopia as the Promised Land . These Rastafairians began to have on typical apparels, disguise jackets, big chapeaus in the ruddy, gold and green colors of Ethiopia and put their long, untrimmed hair in dreadlocks . They took to talking in a particular patois or idiom. Rastafairians were noncompliant until they became a recognized and legitimate minority group in Great Britain at the terminal of the 1980s. What made the greatest impact on the development of urban sub-cultures? Black music which came to Britain through the Rastafairians made its impact on urban sub-cultures. Such types as ska, reggae and Hip-hop evolved in the Caribbean and the United States, developed in Britain during the 1970s, came to Russia in the 1990s In Britain reggae music is held as powerful look of dissenters. In our state reggae is the music of the adolescents. Many sub-cultures developed as a consequence of music merger of black and white civilizations. Can you give an illustration of such merger? Skinheads developed in the 1970s in England out of an older cult, the Mods. They imitated black idiosyncrasy and manner and danced to reggae. At the same clip the white adolescents who loved the music and copied the apparels of the Afro-asian immigrants were violent to them. They wore heavy boots, denims and braces, and shave their hair or cut it really abruptly. They sharply sought to retrieve a petroleum working-class individuality which their parents coevals had mostly abandoned. In the chief, Skinheads dreamed about the resurgence of the traditional propertyless civilization. Now this motion is in diminution in Britain but it flourishes in East European states and Russia. The Skinheads in Great Britain were identified with utmost right flying positions. What can you state about Flower peoples? Flower peoples belonged to the opposing immature people of the late sixtiess. Their signifiers of protest corresponded to the criterions of their contemporary society. Coming against the war in Vietnam the immature Americans, who associated themselves with Flower peoples, established their communes. The motion spread throughout Europe. Hippies led a crude life in their ain states and so moved to the East. They rebelled against the values of their society. Their graven image was J.R.R. Tolkien, who created the fairy narrative of the 20th century. His heroic poem trilogy The Lord of the Rings became the guidelines for Flower peoples. What do you cognize about Punkss? Equally far as I know, Punks appeared in Britain in the seventiess as a reaction to the glamor of the dad star universe of the sixtiess. Punkss, like the Skinheads, are regressive, but inactive and politically apathetic. Their existent attractive force to the immature has been their ability to diss middle-aged sentiment, particularly among the defenders of societal values. They have done it by utilizing coarse linguistic communication, tiring green and pink hair, dressing in lacerate apparels, mangling their organic structures with safety pins. Now Punks are in diminution in Britain but are popular in our state. Punkss, Skinheads and Rastafairians, each in their ain manner asserted that they resided in a universe, as they understood it, alienated by category and race. By and large they were immature people with low self-respect, who did ill at school. Joining a pack was a agency of happening a position. They opposed the traditional universe in which they were settled as fiasco eleme nts. Are at that place other cults within urban sub-culture? Yes, there are. Heavy metal is one of them. This music of failure is widely despised by those who enjoy dad, reggae or psyche. Unlike other Rebel cults the followings of heavy metal act them egos as victims. They wear Gothic book and smile sculls, look of demoralized involvements. It is known that cults originate and vanish over periods of a decennary or two. Ragga and Gothic arose in the 1980s. Raggas are American-inspired. They are clothed in baseball caps, tracksuits pants and chunky trainers. Gothic is a blend of 1970s Punk and 1960s Flower peoples. Goths wear their hair really long and bleached black, and frock in cheap, loose apparels. They put on makeup, looking really pale with cosmetics around the eyes. They are non aggressive, and seem to experience nostalgia for the youth civilization and music of the sixtiess. At the terminal of the 1980s Acid House was a stylish sub-culture. It fascinated 1000s juveniles who had non before belonged to a cult. Acid House guaranteed m erriment and nightlong dance. It had its ain music which was another fluctuation on black music from America ( House Music ) . By the 1990s this motion was besides in diminution. It is interesting to observe that sub-cultures follow a rhythm. At first they shock so arouse a strong response. Equally shortly as the sub-culture additions momentum it magnetizes young person in hunt of Rebel integrity. Many adopt it for merriment, and drama at rebellion in their leisure clip. The sub-culture quickly ceases to show serious dissent. In the terminal it becomes another recognized and colorful portion of urban civilization.